1 Find your feedstock
All
Flowers & Fragrants
Culinary Herbs
Spices & Seeds
Roots, Bark & Resins
Specialty
Damask Rose (flower)
~1.5% avg
Flowers & Fragrants
Lavender (flower)
~2.2% avg
Flowers & Fragrants
Chamomile (flower)
~1.3% avg
Flowers & Fragrants
Calendula (flower)
~2% avg
Flowers & Fragrants
Lilac (flower)
~0.6% avg
Flowers & Fragrants
Linden / Lime Blossom (flower)
~1% avg
Flowers & Fragrants
Peppermint (leaf)
~2% avg
Culinary Herbs
Basil (leaf)
~1.5% avg
Culinary Herbs
Thyme (leaf)
~2.5% avg
Culinary Herbs
Savory (leaf)
~2% avg
Culinary Herbs
Sage (leaf)
~2.5% avg
Culinary Herbs
Parsley (leaf & seed)
~3.5% avg
Culinary Herbs
Coriander (seed)
~1.2% avg
Spices & Seeds
Fennel (seed)
~4% avg
Spices & Seeds
Anise (seed)
~3.5% avg
Spices & Seeds
Cardamom (seed)
~6% avg
Spices & Seeds
Black Pepper (berry)
~6% avg
Spices & Seeds
Juniper (berry)
~1.8% avg
Spices & Seeds
Nutmeg (seed)
~10% avg
Spices & Seeds
Hot Paprika (ground pod)
~9% avg
Spices & Seeds
Sweet Paprika (ground pod)
~8% avg
Spices & Seeds
Ginger (rhizome, dried)
~5.5% avg
Roots, Bark & Resins
Cinnamon (bark)
~3% avg
Roots, Bark & Resins
Clove (bud)
~16% avg
Roots, Bark & Resins
Coconut (copra / flesh)
~45% avg
Specialty
Tobacco (leaf)
~2% avg
Specialty
Hemp Flower (essential oil)
~2% avg
Specialty
No match. Try a different word, or pick another category.
2 Target annual output
We will work backwards to the feedstock, batch size and system needed to hit this, using your scenario, output stage and the volume settings below.
3 Processing scenario
Conservative
Average
Optimal
Average: standard operating conditions, quality feedstock, experienced operator.
4 Target output stage
Crude OleoresinDirect from vessel
WinterisedWax / lipid removed
Further RefinedDistilled / isolated
Calculate Extraction Yield
Method efficiency ranges
COMERG R134a (Low Pressure) No ATEX, room temperature, residue-free, single-pass aromatics
88-97%
Hydrocarbon (BHO / PHO) ATEX zone required, flammable
85-95%
Ethanol (Warm) Higher co-extraction of unwanted compounds
84-94%
Supercritical CO2 High pressure (74-300 bar), high CapEx, often multi-pass
80-92%
Ethanol (Cold) Needs solvent removal and winterisation
78-90%
Steam Distillation Aromatic oils only, heat exposure
55-75%
Cold Press Mechanical, fixed oils only
45-65%
Yield factors
Material quality
Higher potency and lower moisture lift yield. Target 8-12% moisture for most botanicals.
Particle size
Optimal 0.5-2mm for most materials. A finer grind raises surface area and contact.
Contact time
Longer cycles raise yield but may co-extract unwanted compounds.
Pro tip
R134a's higher polarity versus CO2 captures more aromatic fractions in a single pass, cutting the need for multi-pass processing in flavour and fragrance work.